Federal Reserve statistical release: factors affecting reserve balances

What does the Federal Reserve owe, and what is its capital?

On Wednesday , currency in circulation was $2.49 trillion, and the Federal Reserve Banks' total capital was $47.7 billion.

Currency in circulation and deposits other than reserve balances each Wednesday, $ trillion

1,245 Wednesdays, to Wednesday levels, as published

Currency in circulation and deposits other than reserve balances each Wednesday, $ trillion (18 December 2002 to 21 October 2026)
Currency in circulation and deposits other than reserve balances each Wednesday, $ trillion (26 October 2016 to 21 October 2026)
Currency in circulation and deposits other than reserve balances each Wednesday, $ trillion (27 October 2021 to 21 October 2026)
Currency in circulation and deposits other than reserve balances each Wednesday, $ trillion (23 October 2024 to 21 October 2026)
Currency in circulation and deposits other than reserve balances each Wednesday, $ trillion (22 October 2025 to 21 October 2026)

The linesLatest:

  • Currency in circulation$2.49T
  • Deposits other than reserve balances$1.19T

Total capital and the deferred asset each Wednesday, $ trillion

1,245 Wednesdays, to Wednesday levels, as published

Total capital and the deferred asset each Wednesday, $ trillion (18 December 2002 to 21 October 2026)
Total capital and the deferred asset each Wednesday, $ trillion (26 October 2016 to 21 October 2026)
Total capital and the deferred asset each Wednesday, $ trillion (27 October 2021 to 21 October 2026)
Total capital and the deferred asset each Wednesday, $ trillion (23 October 2024 to 21 October 2026)
Total capital and the deferred asset each Wednesday, $ trillion (22 October 2025 to 21 October 2026)

The linesLatest:

  • Total capital$47.7B
  • Deferred asset$233B

Each point is one Wednesday's level; pointing at the chart shows the day and each line's value.

Select a line to followLatest:

Inspect and compare dates

The newest Wednesday beside the ones a week, four weeks and fifty-two weeks earlier, in millions of dollars. The lines in the chart are written out for each Wednesday of the last fifty-two weeks in the tables under "The numbers behind the chart".

The H.4.1 lines on Wednesday 21 October 2026 beside earlier Wednesdays ($ million)
LineLatestA week earlierFour weeks earlierFifty-two weeks earlier
Wednesday
Currency in circulation2,485,1822,488,8182,482,3832,417,623
Federal Reserve notes, net of Reserve Bank holdings2,433,3352,436,8972,430,6062,366,648
Treasury cash holdings303218313297
Reverse repurchase agreements, foreign official and international accounts333,846326,598320,264350,419
Reverse repurchase agreements, others2372014614,005
Deposits other than reserve balances1,193,3021,135,6291,203,5621,126,947
Foreign official deposits9,4769,4769,4689,435
Other deposits238,673240,331246,778212,438
Term deposits held by depository institutions0000
Total factors absorbing reserve funds3,835,9943,776,5993,829,6143,710,776
Total liabilities6,705,8876,707,9236,699,9886,543,750
Capital paid in40,93340,93140,93138,997
Surplus6,7856,7856,7856,785
Total capital47,71847,71647,71645,782
Deferred asset232,672233,181232,999243,493

The table scrolls sideways; the first column stays in place.

Observed .

Right now

Deposits other than reserve balances were $1.19 trillion and the deferred asset was $233 billion on Wednesday .

Since the Wednesday before, (ours): currency in circulation down $3.64 billion, deposits other than reserve balances up $57.7 billion, total capital up $2 million and the deferred asset down $509 million.

See the main lines every Wednesday of the last fifty-two weeks

In historyOurs

Currency in circulation of $2.49 trillion on was higher than in 1,241 of the 1,244 other weeks since . Highest since : $2.49 trillion on . Lowest since : $676 billion on .

Deposits other than reserve balances of $1.19 trillion on were higher than in 1,173 of the 1,244 other weeks since . Highest since : $1.99 trillion on . Lowest since : $10.5 billion on .

Total capital of $47.7 billion on was higher than in 899 of the 1,244 other weeks since . Highest since : $58.7 billion on . Lowest since : $16.8 billion on .

The deferred asset of $233 billion on was higher than in 1,175 of the 1,244 other weeks since . Highest since : $246 billion on .

See each line's highest and lowest in a table

Understanding the H.4.1

Where it stands today

Currency in circulation was $2.49 trillion on .

What does the H.4.1 report?

The H.4.1, Factors Affecting Reserve Balances of Depository Institutions and Condition Statement of Federal Reserve Banks, is the Federal Reserve Board's weekly statement of what the Federal Reserve Banks hold and what they owe.

Read more

Currency in circulation is the Federal Reserve notes and the Treasury's coin and other money that are outside the Federal Reserve Banks and the Treasury: in the hands of the public and in bank vaults.

Federal Reserve notes, net of Reserve Bank holdings, are the dollar bills the Federal Reserve Banks have issued that the Reserve Banks themselves do not hold.

Treasury cash holdings are the currency and coin the Treasury holds.

Reverse repurchase agreements with foreign official and international accounts are what the Federal Reserve borrows from foreign central banks and international institutions against its securities.

Reverse repurchase agreements with others are what the Federal Reserve borrows overnight against its securities from money market funds, banks, housing-related agencies and primary dealers.

Deposits other than reserve balances are the balances of the Treasury, foreign official accounts and other institutions at the Federal Reserve Banks, not counting the reserve balances of banks.

Foreign official deposits are the balances that foreign central banks, governments and international institutions hold at the Federal Reserve Banks.

Other deposits are the balances at the Federal Reserve Banks of government-sponsored enterprises, financial market utilities and other institutions.

Term deposits are fixed-term deposits that banks place at the Federal Reserve Banks.

Total factors absorbing reserve funds are currency in circulation, reverse repurchase agreements, Treasury cash holdings, deposits other than reserve balances and other liabilities and capital.

Total liabilities are everything the Federal Reserve Banks owe: their notes, deposits, reverse repurchase agreements and other liabilities.

Capital paid in is the money the member banks have paid for their shares in the Federal Reserve Banks.

Surplus is the part of the Federal Reserve Banks' capital that comes from earnings they have kept.

Total capital is capital paid in, surplus and other capital accounts.

The deferred asset is the shortfall of the Federal Reserve Banks' earnings that has to be made up before they send earnings to the Treasury again. The H.4.1 shows it as a negative amount of earnings remittances due to the Treasury; here it is a positive amount, and zero in weeks when remittances were due.

The tables give each line's level on the Wednesday in millions of dollars, as the Board publishes it; the sentences and the chart round it to three figures, or to whole millions under a billion.

The numbers behind the chart

What was on the balance sheet each Wednesday of the last fifty-two weeks?The main lines, $ million, newest first
The main H.4.1 lines each Wednesday since 29 October 2025, newest first ($ million)
WednesdayCurrency in circulationDeposits other than reserve balancesTotal capitalDeferred asset
2,485,1821,193,30247,718232,672
2,488,8181,135,62947,716233,181
2,486,1201,135,01147,716233,587
2,482,7561,243,29247,716233,139
2,482,3831,203,56247,716232,999
2,483,0401,244,65147,716232,751
2,486,4221,096,96847,716232,898
2,482,0311,195,44047,716233,369
2,478,0521,209,34747,681233,518
2,475,5371,192,69547,681232,955
2,475,5581,208,03447,676233,093
2,474,8631,178,77547,676233,030
2,472,1771,214,10247,767233,419
Show 39 more rows
The main H.4.1 lines each Wednesday since 29 October 2025, newest first ($ million) (continued)
WednesdayCurrency in circulationDeposits other than reserve balancesTotal capitalDeferred asset
2,470,9241,086,57847,709233,767
2,471,8311,047,33847,709234,254
2,474,5671,004,30647,705235,052
2,474,9261,065,92747,697235,615
2,473,0441,201,03447,734236,241
2,470,8311,225,44547,734236,697
2,467,3461,060,11247,728237,738
2,466,9721,107,27547,727238,443
2,465,4121,103,84847,270239,240
2,461,7451,037,86047,236240,010
2,458,0201,060,35647,212240,658
2,457,2481,115,12647,212241,578
2,454,8851,238,81346,495242,710
2,453,3311,253,80346,491243,057
2,452,1501,170,68546,482243,357
2,452,773953,00746,481244,048
2,450,5881,058,18846,481243,900
2,446,6041,081,01346,433244,242
2,443,9281,120,61446,343244,502
2,441,3431,047,86246,341244,914
2,438,3421,096,23246,337245,150
2,432,4131,089,59046,291245,560
2,431,0641,132,71946,281245,298
2,430,6631,154,53746,245245,247
2,431,2131,150,72546,174245,611
2,429,4151,189,58446,074245,927
2,430,4411,113,24546,073244,616
2,433,2131,010,24546,073243,700
2,441,9441,018,81646,073243,076
2,445,5441,119,24945,937242,712
2,438,5501,077,44745,923242,122
2,428,0921,102,57145,923242,728
2,425,6731,045,84445,912243,455
2,428,5731,136,02745,913243,180
2,426,7861,132,08945,863243,213
2,421,2261,128,49445,825243,411
2,423,5041,167,97145,832243,527
2,421,9231,166,10445,832243,818
2,418,2001,209,52945,787243,639

The table scrolls sideways; the first column stays in place.

Observed .

What was on the balance sheet at the end of each year?The main lines on the last Wednesday of each year, newest first
The main H.4.1 lines on the last Wednesday of each year, newest first ($ million)
WednesdayCurrency in circulationDeposits other than reserve balancesTotal capitalDeferred asset
2,445,5441,119,24945,937242,712
2,366,961941,39943,952215,186
2,344,381887,34242,850131,518
2,307,921637,31041,79918,002
2,236,344539,64640,6610
2,086,8401,808,39039,2010
1,802,303464,34238,5220
1,716,027456,78839,1600
1,616,330268,63641,3880
1,509,062424,95640,4430
Show 14 more rows
The main H.4.1 lines on the last Wednesday of each year, newest first ($ million) (continued)
WednesdayCurrency in circulationDeposits other than reserve balancesTotal capitalDeferred asset
1,426,172351,98739,4510
1,342,957249,01457,1440
1,238,498169,60355,0180
1,167,06784,57054,7280
1,076,283165,14953,7990
984,951300,38456,6020
930,087186,88852,1190
889,898392,42142,1520
829,05411,53337,1120
819,88411,65730,7310
794,90013,26628,0140
758,35616,01023,3330
724,18718,71017,6940
685,08316,18418,2090

The table scrolls sideways; the first column stays in place.

What were each line's highest and lowest Wednesdays?Ours, from every Wednesday held
Each line's highest and lowest Wednesday since 18 December 2002, and how many of the other Wednesdays its latest level is higher than ($ million; ours)
LineHighestHighest onLowestLowest onHigher thanOther Wednesdays
Currency in circulation2,488,818675,7331,2411,244
Federal Reserve notes, net of Reserve Bank holdings2,436,897642,6041,2411,244
Treasury cash holdings555249261,244
Reverse repurchase agreements, foreign official and international accounts420,00917,1801,0971,244
Reverse repurchase agreements, others2,366,7985831,244
Deposits other than reserve balances1,991,23710,4691,1731,244
Foreign official deposits33,209711,0431,244
Other deposits505,0131751,1451,244
Term deposits held by depository institutions404,15001,244
Total factors absorbing reserve funds5,868,131729,6511,0051,244
Total liabilities8,924,269696,9849881,244
Capital paid in40,9828,3761,2391,244
Surplus29,3606,78501,244
Total capital58,72016,7608991,244
Deferred asset245,9271,1751,244

The table scrolls sideways; the first column stays in place.

What do these figures leave out, and how are they cited?Limits, dates and how to cite

What this number cannot tell you

  • Wednesday levels: the week's average of daily figures, which the Board publishes beside them, can differ.
  • Highest, lowest and the counts of other Wednesdays are worked out by 500metrics from every Wednesday since 18 December 2002; a revision by the Board changes them at the next build.
  • A line has no lowest here when its lowest is zero: it stood at zero in many weeks, or before it began.
  • The deferred asset is worked out by 500metrics from the Board's earnings remittances due to the Treasury: the amount by which that line is below zero, and zero when it is not.
  • Other liabilities and capital is not a line here: the Board's figure for it was below zero in some weeks.

Dates

Observed
Checked by us

The Board publishes the H.4.1 each Thursday at about Eastern for the Wednesday before.

The Board's terms: "Unless otherwise indicated, information on Board's website is in the public domain and may be copied and distributed without permission. Please cite to the Board as the source of the information."

How to cite this

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, H.4.1 Factors Affecting Reserve Balances, Wednesday levels, through 21 October 2026. Compiled by 500metrics, "What does the Federal Reserve owe, and what is its capital?", https://500metrics.com/fed-balance-sheet/liabilities-and-capital.

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