Sources

Text on this page was drafted with AI tools; every figure is computed by code from the cited official source.

500metrics uses only official, public sources whose terms allow our use. We read each publisher's terms before using its data, note the sentence that allows our use and the date we read it, and check again when the terms change. This page and the licence page list every source with its link. A data page lists a source, with its link, only where that source's terms ask for a notice with the data, in a closed Sources section at the foot of the page.

The table below this introduction is generated from our sources register each time the site is built. For every source it shows the publisher, what we use it for, the licence or terms, the date we last read those terms, and when we last fetched data from it.

Every source we use

Credit lines and notices we carry

Publishers ask to be credited in their own words, and some require a notice. We carry them as follows.

U.S. Treasury, Bureau of the Fiscal Service (Fiscal Data)

Auction results, the Daily Treasury Statement, Debt to the Penny, the Monthly Statement of the Public Debt, the Monthly Treasury Statement (including customs duties collected and refunded), interest expense, the gold the Treasury owns (U.S. Treasury-Owned Gold) and the release calendar.

• Credit line: "Source: U.S. Treasury, Bureau of the Fiscal Service, Fiscal Data".
• Terms: "The data is offered free, without restriction, and available to copy, adapt, redistribute, or otherwise use for non-commercial or commercial purposes." (https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/api-documentation/, read 2 October 2026).
• The Fiscal Service does not endorse 500metrics, and we do not use its figures in advertising.

U.S. Treasury, Office of Debt Management (home.treasury.gov)

Daily par yield curve rates (nominal and real), daily bill rates, the quarterly refunding documents, and the High Quality Market (HQM) corporate bond yield curve's monthly average par yields (Office of Economic Policy).

• Credit line: "Source: U.S. Treasury".
• These are works of the US government, which are not subject to copyright in the United States (17 U.S.C. 105).

Federal Reserve Bank of New York

Federal Reserve holdings of Treasury securities (SOMA) and, where shown, the reference rates SOFR, EFFR, OBFR, TGCR and BGCR.

• Notice: "© {year} Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Content from the New York Fed subject to the Terms of Use at newyorkfed.org." Values we calculate from New York Fed data are labelled as ours.
• On every page that shows a reference rate: "The SOFR is subject to the Terms of Use posted at newyorkfed.org. The New York Fed is not responsible for publication of the SOFR by 500metrics, does not sanction or endorse any particular republication, and has no liability for your use." (with the name of the rate shown in place of SOFR).
• On every page that shows SOFR or BGCR, also: "The Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Data and Broad General Collateral Rate (BGCR) Data are calculated using data provided under a license granted to the New York Fed by DTCC Solutions LLC ("Solutions"), an affiliate of The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation. Solutions, its affiliates, and third parties from which they obtained data have no liability for the content of this material."
• New York Fed content is passed on under the New York Fed's Terms of Use (https://www.newyorkfed.org/privacy/termsofuse), with the same permissions and conditions.

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System

Selected interest rates (H.15), used as a check on Treasury's yield curve and in its place if Treasury's file is unavailable; the Federal Reserve's balance sheet (H.4.1, Factors Affecting Reserve Balances: lines of its weekly statement such as securities held outright, reserve balances, the Treasury General Account and repurchase agreements, each Wednesday since 18 December 2002); the Federal Open Market Committee's meeting calendar and every change of its target for the federal funds rate since 1990; the money stock (H.6: M2, M1 and their parts); consumer credit (G.19: credit outstanding, student and car loans, and the rates on credit cards and consumer loans at commercial banks).

• Credit line: "Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System".
• Terms: "Unless otherwise indicated, information on Board's website is in the public domain and may be copied and distributed without permission. Please cite to the Board as the source of the information." (https://www.federalreserve.gov/disclaimer.htm, read 9 October 2026). The page of each figure we take from its statistical releases (H.4.1, H.6, H.15, G.19) names the Board and the release in its source line.
• We use only series the Board itself produces. Series the Board obtained from private data vendors are not used.

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

The unemployment rate and the other household survey measures (Current Population Survey), payroll employment and hourly earnings (Current Employment Statistics), job openings, hires, quits and layoffs (Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey), the Consumer Price Index, and the Producer Price Index (final demand and intermediate demand, with each month kept as BLS first published it).

• Credit line: "Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics".
• BLS data are in the public domain (https://www.bls.gov/opub/copyright-information.htm, read 9 October 2026). Changes, averages and other figures we compute from them are labelled as ours.

Federal Housing Finance Agency

The House Price Index (HPI): the purchase-only index, seasonally adjusted, and the all-transactions index for the United States and for each of the nine census divisions.

• Credit line: "Source: FHFA HPI®", with the index type (purchase-only or all-transactions, seasonally adjusted or not). "FHFA HPI" is a registered mark of the agency; the pages do not imply that it endorses 500metrics.
• Terms: "Generally, information and materials produced by Federal agencies, including FHFA, are in the public domain and may be copied and distributed without permission." (https://www.fhfa.gov/about/fhfa-policies/website-privacy-policy, read 4 October 2026). Changes, ranks and other figures we compute from the indexes are labelled as ours. FHFA revises earlier months in each release; we keep every release.

U.S. Department of Labor

Weekly unemployment insurance claims, national and by state (Employment and Training Administration, ETA 539).

• Credit line: "Source: U.S. Department of Labor".
• Terms: "Materials created by the federal government are generally part of the public domain and may be used, reproduced and distributed without permission." (https://www.dol.gov/general/aboutdol/copyright, read 9 October 2026). The Department of Labor does not endorse 500metrics and is not affiliated with it.

U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission

The Commitments of Traders: the weekly Traders in Financial Futures report, futures only, for Treasury note and bond futures and other interest rate futures (open interest and the positions of dealers, asset managers, leveraged funds and other traders).

• Credit line: "Source: U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Commitments of Traders".
• Terms: "Government information at the CFTC website is in the public domain. Public domain information may be freely distributed and copied, but it is requested that in any subsequent use the CFTC be given appropriate acknowledgement." (https://www.cftc.gov/WebPolicy/index.htm, read 10 October 2026). Net positions and changes we compute are labelled as ours.

National Bureau of Economic Research

The US recessions shaded on the history charts of the economy and interest rate pages are dated by the National Bureau of Economic Research (its business cycle peaks and troughs), which publishes them with the words "Permission to copy is granted, provided attribution of source is given." (https://www.nber.org/research/data/us-business-cycle-expansions-and-contractions, read 15 October 2026).

Congressional Budget Office

CBO's historical budget data (every fiscal year since 1962: debt, the deficit, revenue by source and spending by category), and each release of its ten-year budget baseline, its long-term budget projections and its economic projections, kept by month of release, for the outside estimates shown in their own boxes on some pages.

• Credit line: "Source: Congressional Budget Office", with the month of the release. A projection is CBO's estimate, never ours. Where we change or combine CBO figures, the page says so: a deficit that CBO writes as a negative number is shown as a positive one, and the last year with a higher or a lower value is ours.
• CBO's data repository is in the public domain under 17 U.S.C. 105 ("these materials are available for all purposes without charge", https://github.com/US-CBO/cbo-data/blob/main/LICENSE.md, read 2 October 2026).

Sources we do not use, and why

We take every number from the publisher that produces it, under terms that allow our use. So we do not use:

• Pages on TreasuryDirect.gov. Its site terms allow only personal, non-commercial use. We take the same auction results from Fiscal Data and link to TreasuryDirect's official result files for reference.
• Third-party copies of official data, such as economic data aggregators, when the original publisher offers the data directly.
• Market prices of any kind, including stock, bond, option and fund prices, and index levels or index membership. These belong to exchanges and index providers and are licensed for a fee.
• CUSIP numbers. Pages name a Treasury security by its term and auction date, never by its CUSIP.

Report a problem with a source

If you publish one of these sources and see a use you did not intend, or you spot a credit line we got wrong, write to us (the address is on the contact page) and we will fix it.